several ways to split or cut a string using shell script

There are several ways to split or cut a string using shell script. Here are a few common methods:

Using the cut command: The cut command can be used to extract a specific portion of a string by specifying a delimiter and a field number. For example, to extract the second field of a string using a comma as a delimiter:

string="Hello,world"
result=$(echo $string | cut -d',' -f2)
echo $result

This will output "world"

Using the awk command: The awk command can be used to extract specific fields from a string by specifying a delimiter and a field number. For example, to extract the second field of a string using a comma as a delimiter:

string="Hello,world"
result=$(echo $string | awk -F',' '{print $2}')
echo $result

this will also output "world"

Using the sed command: The sed command can be used to extract a specific portion of a string by specifying a regular expression. For example, to extract the second word of a string:

string="Hello world"
result=$(echo $string | sed 's/[^ ]* //')
echo $result

This will output "world"

Using the IFS (Internal Field Separator): The IFS variable can be used to specify a delimiter and then use the read command to split the string into an array. For example, to split a string using a comma as a delimiter:

string="Hello,world"
IFS=',' read -r -a array <<< "$string"

Using the split command: The split command can be used to split a string into multiple parts based on a specified delimiter. For example, to split a string into an array using a comma as a delimiter:

string="Hello,world"
IFS=',' read -r -a array <<< "$string"
echo ${array[0]}

This will output "Hello"

Using the tr command: The tr command can be used to translate or delete characters in a string. For example, to delete all spaces in a string:

string="Hello world" 
result=`echo $string | tr -d ' '` 
echo $result 

This will output "Helloworld"

Using parameter expansion: Shell provides various parameter expansion options that can be used to extract a specific portion of a string. For example, to extract the first 4 characters of a string:

string="Hello world"
result=${string:0:4}
echo $result
This will output "Hell"

Using string manipulation functions: Some shells, such as bash, provide built-in string manipulation functions that can be used to split or cut a string. For example, using the substring function in bash:

string="Hello world"
result=${string:6:5}
echo $result

This will output "world"