Basic difference between JAVA vs Python Vs Scala
Scala:
- Scala is a statically typed language, which means you need to declare the data type of the variables before using them.
- Scala provides functional programming constructs along with object-oriented programming concepts.
- Scala runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and thus, has full access to the Java ecosystem.
Python:
- Python is a dynamically typed language, which means you don’t need to declare the data type of the variables.
- Python provides simple, readable, and concise syntax for development.
- Python has a rich set of libraries and tools for scientific computing, machine learning, and web development.
Java:
- Java is a statically typed language.
- Java is one of the most widely used programming languages in the enterprise world.
- Java provides a robust set of features for software development and has a strong object-oriented programming model.
Here’s a tabular comparison between Scala, Python, and Java in terms of some common programming features:
| Feature | Scala | Python | Java |
|---|---|---|---|
| Syntax | Scala’s syntax is influenced by Java and functional programming languages like Haskell. It uses a lot of symbols and punctuation, which can be intimidating for some. | Python’s syntax is known for its simplicity and readability, using indentation to define code blocks. | Java’s syntax is based on C++ and is known for its verbosity and strict rules. |
| Concurrency | Scala has good support for concurrency through its actor model, Futures and Promises, and support for functional programming. | Python has good support for concurrency through the use of threads, the multiprocessing module, and coroutines (as of Python 3.5). | Java has excellent support for concurrency through the use of threads and synchronization constructs, and support for functional programming. |
| Libraries | Scala has a rich set of libraries, including ones for data science, big data, and web development. | Python has an extensive set of libraries, including ones for machine learning, scientific computing, and web development. | Java has a large set of libraries, including ones for web development, big data, and scientific computing. |
| Performance | Scala’s performance is generally good, especially when using the latest versions and the right libraries. | Python’s performance is generally good, but slower than Scala and Java due to its dynamic nature. | Java’s performance is generally good, and can be optimized further by using low-level constructs like memory management and multithreading. |